①Pre-treatment Requirements
Diameter Reduction: Before knurling, the workpiece diameter needs to be reduced by approximately (0.8~1.6) × module m to allow for the raised pattern.
Surface Roughness: Ra ≤ 12.5μm; excessive roughness can lead to blurred patterns.
②Processing parameter settings
| Parameter | Recommended Value | Explanation |
| Cutting speed | 5~10 m/min | Too high a feed rate leads to vibration, while too low a feed rate results in insufficient compression. |
| Feed rate | 0.3~0.6 mm/r | A large feed rate ensures clear pattern formation. |
| Coolant | Cutting oil / emulsion | It also reduces friction and surface scratches. |
③Operation Procedure
Workpiece Clamping: Minimize the overhang length; use a tailstock to support long workpieces.
Tool Centering: Align the center of the knurling cutter with the center of the spindle; the initial contact width should be 1/3 to 1/2 of the roller width.
Layered Rolling: Gradually apply pressure in 2-3 stages, with the highest pressure applied initially, until the pattern is fully formed.
Deburring: Chamfer the workpiece end face at a 45° angle to the root of the pattern, removing any burrs.
④CNC Programming Techniques
Rhombus Pattern Machining The double-ended thread command can be used to simulate the overlapping effect of positive and negative threads:
G32 Z-50. F40. Q0; Right-hand thread
G32 Z-50. F40. Q180000; Left-hand thread
Straight grain machining Using spindle locking (M50), grooves are broached along the Z direction. The smaller the index value, the denser the texture.
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